Tennessee, with its diverse ecosystems ranging from the Appalachian Mountains to the Mississippi River floodplain, boasts a surprisingly rich and varied snake population. Identifying snakes correctly is crucial, as some are venomous and require cautious handling. This guide will explore the common and notable snakes found in Tennessee, offering insights into their identification and behavior.
While this guide provides a comprehensive overview, it's crucial to remember that attempting to handle any snake without proper training is dangerous. If you encounter a snake, observe it from a safe distance and contact a wildlife professional if necessary.
Venomous Snakes of Tennessee
Tennessee is home to several venomous snake species, all belonging to the pit viper family (Crotalinae). Knowing how to identify these snakes is vital for safety.
Copperhead ( Agkistrodon contortrix)
The Copperhead is perhaps the most commonly encountered venomous snake in Tennessee. They're characterized by their distinctive copper-colored heads and hourglass-shaped markings along their bodies. These markings can vary in color and intensity. Copperheads are ambush predators, preferring to lie still and strike when prey comes within range.
Cottonmouth ( Agkistrodon piscivorus)
Also known as Water Moccasins, Cottonmouths are semi-aquatic snakes found near water sources. Adults typically have a dark, almost black, body with a lighter band along the jaw. Their most distinctive feature is the white interior of their mouth, which they display when threatened. They're aggressive when cornered and possess a potent venom.
Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus)
Timber Rattlesnakes are large, heavy-bodied snakes with a distinctive rattle at the end of their tail. Their color can range from yellowish-brown to dark gray or black, often with dark crossbands. They're found in various habitats, including rocky areas and forests. They are highly venomous and should be avoided.
Pygmy Rattlesnake (Sistrurus miliarius)
Smaller than the Timber Rattlesnake, the Pygmy Rattlesnake is still venomous and potentially dangerous. They have a small rattle and often display dark brown or black crossbands on a lighter background.
Non-Venomous Snakes of Tennessee
The majority of snakes found in Tennessee are non-venomous and pose no threat to humans. However, it's still important to be aware of their presence.
Black Rat Snake (Pantherophis spiloides)
Black Rat Snakes are large, slender snakes, often entirely black as adults, though juveniles can display markings. They are excellent climbers and are often found in trees and barns. They're known for their quick movements.
Corn Snake (Pantherophis guttatus)
Corn Snakes are relatively small and slender snakes with a distinctive pattern of red, brown, and yellow markings. They are popular pets due to their docile nature.
Eastern Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis)
Eastern Garter Snakes are common throughout Tennessee and are easily identified by their long, slender bodies and stripes running down their backs. They are often found near water.
Milk Snake (Lampropeltis triangulum)
Milk Snakes are often confused with venomous copperheads due to similar color patterns. However, Milk Snakes have rounded heads and smooth scales, unlike the triangular head and keeled scales of copperheads. Their pattern of saddle-like markings is distinctive.
What are the most dangerous snakes in Tennessee?
The most dangerous snakes in Tennessee are the venomous species: the Copperhead, Cottonmouth, Timber Rattlesnake, and Pygmy Rattlesnake. Their venom can cause serious medical problems, and bites require immediate medical attention.
What type of snake is most common in Tennessee?
The Copperhead is likely the most commonly encountered venomous snake in Tennessee, and the Black Rat Snake and Eastern Garter Snake are frequently seen among non-venomous species.
How can I identify a venomous snake in Tennessee?
Identifying venomous snakes requires careful observation. Look for features like: triangular head shape (pit vipers), elliptical pupils (pit vipers), heat-sensing pits between the eye and nostril (pit vipers), and the presence of a rattle (rattlesnakes). However, it's best to err on the side of caution and assume a snake is venomous if you are unsure.
Where in Tennessee can I find the most snakes?
Snakes in Tennessee inhabit various habitats, including forests, fields, near bodies of water, rocky areas, and even urban areas. Areas with abundant prey and suitable shelter will generally have higher snake populations.
This guide provides a general overview of the snakes found in Tennessee. For precise identification, consulting field guides specific to the region and seeking expert advice is highly recommended. Remember, responsible observation and respect for wildlife are key to safe coexistence.
