Maryland, with its diverse waterways, is home to several species of water snakes. These non-venomous reptiles play a crucial role in the ecosystem, but are often misunderstood and even feared. This guide will help you identify common Maryland water snakes, understand their behavior, and learn how to coexist peacefully.
What types of water snakes live in Maryland?
Maryland boasts a few different water snake species. The most commonly encountered are the Northern Water Snake (Nerodia sipedon) and the Brown Water Snake (Nerodia taxispilota). While they share some similarities, key differences in appearance can help with identification. Other, less common species might also be present depending on location and habitat.
How can I identify a Northern Water Snake?
The Northern Water Snake is arguably the most prevalent water snake in Maryland. It's characterized by its:
- Variable coloration: These snakes exhibit a wide range of colors, from brown, gray, and olive to reddish-brown. They often have dark crossbands or blotches along their bodies.
- Keel-scaled body: Their scales have a noticeable ridge running down the center, giving the snake a slightly rough texture.
- Relatively thick body: They possess a sturdy build compared to other snake species.
- Size: Adults can reach lengths of 2 to 4 feet.
Important Note: The Northern Water Snake is often mistaken for the venomous Copperhead. However, the Copperhead has a distinct hourglass-shaped pattern on its back, which the Northern Water Snake lacks. If you are unsure about identification, it’s best to maintain a safe distance and consult a herpetologist or wildlife expert.
How can I identify a Brown Water Snake?
Brown Water Snakes are also frequently found in Maryland's aquatic environments. They are distinguished by:
- Uniform brown coloration: Unlike the Northern Water Snake, they typically lack prominent banding or blotches. Their coloration is more consistent.
- Keel-scaled body: Similar to the Northern Water Snake, they have keeled scales.
- Slender body: They generally have a more slender build than Northern Water Snakes.
- Size: Adults can reach lengths of 2 to 4 feet, similar to the Northern Water Snake.
Are water snakes dangerous?
No, water snakes found in Maryland are not venomous. While they may bite if they feel threatened, their bite is not medically significant. They are more likely to flee than attack. However, it’s always wise to handle wildlife with caution and respect.
What do water snakes eat?
Water snakes are important predators in Maryland's aquatic ecosystems. Their diet primarily consists of:
- Fish: A significant portion of their diet is made up of various fish species.
- Amphibians: Frogs, toads, and salamanders are also common prey.
- Crayfish: These crustaceans are another important food source.
- Small mammals: Occasionally, they may also consume small rodents or other small mammals near the water's edge.
What should I do if I encounter a water snake?
If you encounter a water snake in Maryland, the best course of action is to:
- Observe from a safe distance: Admire the snake from afar and avoid disturbing it.
- Give it space: Allow the snake to move away on its own. Do not attempt to handle it.
- Educate yourself: Learn to identify the different species and understand their ecological role.
- Contact a professional: If you have concerns about a snake's presence near your home or if you're unsure about its species, contact a local wildlife removal specialist or herpetologist.
Are water snakes protected in Maryland?
While not all water snakes are specifically listed as protected, Maryland has general laws protecting wildlife. Harassing, harming, or killing these snakes without a permit is generally illegal. They play an important role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem.
This comprehensive guide provides a solid understanding of the water snakes found in Maryland. Remember, these creatures are an integral part of the state's natural heritage and deserve our respect and protection. By understanding their behavior and recognizing their importance, we can learn to co-exist peacefully.
