Tennessee, with its diverse landscapes ranging from Appalachian mountains to fertile valleys, harbors a variety of snake species, some of which are venomous. Understanding these snakes is crucial for safety and responsible coexistence. This comprehensive guide will explore the venomous snakes found in Tennessee, their identification, habitats, and what to do if you encounter one.
What are the venomous snakes in Tennessee?
Tennessee is home to four species of venomous snakes: the copperhead, cottonmouth (water moccasin), timber rattlesnake, and pygmy rattlesnake. Each possesses unique characteristics that aid in identification. Misidentification can be dangerous, so it's crucial to learn to distinguish these snakes from non-venomous look-alikes.
How can I identify venomous snakes in Tennessee?
Identifying venomous snakes requires careful observation and knowledge of their key features. While there are exceptions, several characteristics commonly distinguish venomous snakes from non-venomous ones:
- Triangular Head: Venomous snakes often possess a distinctly triangular-shaped head, broader than their neck. This is due to the venom glands located within the head. However, this is not a foolproof method, as some non-venomous snakes can flatten their heads to appear more menacing.
- Heat-Sensing Pits: Some venomous snakes, like pit vipers (copperheads, cottonmouths, and rattlesnakes), have heat-sensing pits located between their eyes and nostrils. These pits help them detect warm-blooded prey.
- Vertical Pupils (Elliptical): Most venomous snakes have vertical, elliptical pupils, resembling a cat's eye. This is not always a reliable identifier, however.
- Rattles (Rattlesnakes): Rattlesnakes are easily identifiable by their namesake rattles, a series of interlocking keratin segments at the end of their tail. However, young rattlesnakes may have a button rather than fully developed rattles.
Specific Identification:
- Copperheads: These snakes are usually a reddish-brown with hourglass-shaped markings along their backs. They are relatively small and often found in rocky, wooded areas.
- Cottonmouths (Water Moccasins): These snakes are stout-bodied with dark brown or black coloration and a distinct white or pale mouth lining (which they often display when threatened). They inhabit swamps, rivers, and other aquatic environments.
- Timber Rattlesnakes: These are large, heavy-bodied snakes with a distinctive pattern of dark crossbands on a tan or yellowish background. They typically have a strong rattle. Their habitats include forests and rocky hillsides.
- Pygmy Rattlesnakes: These are the smallest of Tennessee's venomous snakes and possess a very faint rattle. They have dark brown or black crossbands on a lighter background. They inhabit rocky, upland areas.
Where do venomous snakes in Tennessee live?
Each venomous snake species occupies a specific habitat:
- Copperheads: Found in a variety of habitats, including wooded areas, rocky hillsides, and even suburban areas.
- Cottonmouths: Primarily inhabit swamps, marshes, rivers, lakes, and other aquatic environments.
- Timber Rattlesnakes: Prefer rocky, wooded areas, often in mountainous regions.
- Pygmy Rattlesnakes: Usually found in rocky, upland areas with loose soil or leaf litter.
What should I do if I encounter a venomous snake in Tennessee?
The best course of action when encountering a venomous snake is to avoid it. Give the snake plenty of space and slowly back away. Do not attempt to handle or kill the snake. If bitten, seek immediate medical attention.
Are there any non-venomous snakes that resemble venomous snakes?
Yes, several non-venomous snakes mimic the appearance of venomous snakes. This is a survival strategy called mimicry. This makes identification crucial, as misidentification could lead to unnecessary harm to the snake.
What is the best way to prevent snake bites?
Prevention is key to avoiding snake bites:
- Be aware of your surroundings: Pay attention to where you are placing your hands and feet, especially in areas known to have snakes.
- Wear appropriate footwear: Wear sturdy boots or shoes when hiking or walking in areas where snakes might be present.
- Keep your yard clean: Remove debris and brush piles where snakes might seek shelter.
- Don't handle snakes: Never attempt to handle a snake, even if it appears non-venomous.
How common are venomous snake bites in Tennessee?
While venomous snakes are present in Tennessee, snake bites are relatively uncommon. Most bites occur because people try to handle or kill the snakes.
What should I do if I am bitten by a venomous snake?
If bitten by a venomous snake, seek immediate medical attention. Call 911 or get to the nearest hospital as quickly as possible. Try to remember the snake's appearance to help medical professionals administer the correct treatment. While waiting for medical help, remain calm, keep the bitten area still, and remove any jewelry or restrictive clothing from the bitten limb. Avoid using any home remedies.
This guide provides general information and should not be considered a substitute for professional advice. Always consult with a qualified herpetologist or medical professional for accurate identification and treatment of snake bites. Remember, responsible coexistence involves respecting wildlife and prioritizing safety.
