East Texas boasts a diverse ecosystem, and with that diversity comes a variety of wildlife, including several species of venomous snakes. Understanding these snakes is crucial for safety and appreciating the natural world. This guide will cover the most common venomous snakes found in East Texas, their identifying features, and what to do if you encounter one.
What are the most common venomous snakes in East Texas?
The most frequently encountered venomous snakes in East Texas are:
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Copperheads ( Agkistrodon contortrix): Copperheads are arguably the most common venomous snake in East Texas. They are characterized by their distinctive copper-colored head (hence the name), hourglass-shaped markings along their bodies, and a generally stout build. Their coloration can vary from reddish-brown to grayish-brown, allowing them to blend effectively with their surroundings.
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Cottonmouths ( Agkistrodon piscivorus): Also known as water moccasins, cottonmouths are semi-aquatic snakes found near swamps, rivers, and lakes. They possess a thick body, dark coloration (often ranging from dark brown to black), and a characteristic white or pale interior of their mouth, which they display when threatened.
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Rattlesnakes (various species): Several rattlesnake species inhabit East Texas. The Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus) is the largest rattlesnake in North America and can be found in East Texas, although less commonly than copperheads. They have distinct diamond-shaped patterns down their back. Other rattlesnakes, such as the Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) and Pigmy Rattlesnake (Sistrurus miliarius), are also present but may be less frequently encountered. All rattlesnakes possess a rattle at the end of their tail.
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Coral Snakes ( Micrurus fulvius): Eastern Coral Snakes are present in East Texas but are less common than the other venomous species mentioned. They are easily recognizable by their distinctive red, yellow, and black bands, but it's crucial to learn the accurate banding pattern to distinguish them from harmless mimics. (Remember the rhyme: “Red on yellow, kill a fellow; red on black, venom lack”—however, this rhyme isn’t foolproof and visual identification should be done by a professional.)
What should I do if I see a venomous snake?
The best course of action is to avoid the snake entirely. Give it ample space and slowly back away. Never try to handle or kill a venomous snake; this can be very dangerous.
How can I prevent snake bites in East Texas?
- Wear appropriate footwear: When hiking or working outdoors, wear sturdy boots that cover your ankles.
- Be cautious in tall grass and brush: Snakes often hide in these areas, so proceed carefully.
- Check before you reach into dark places: Be aware of where you put your hands and feet, particularly when reaching under rocks or logs.
- Keep your yard clean: Remove brush piles, wood piles, and other areas where snakes might seek shelter.
- Secure your trash cans: Properly store trash and other attractants that might draw rodents, which snakes prey upon.
What are the symptoms of a venomous snake bite?
Symptoms vary depending on the snake species and the amount of venom injected, but they can include:
- Pain: Intense pain at the bite site.
- Swelling: Swelling around the bite area.
- Numbness: Numbness or tingling sensations.
- Nausea and vomiting: Gastrointestinal distress.
- Weakness: General weakness and dizziness.
- Breathing difficulties: In severe cases.
Seek immediate medical attention if you suspect a venomous snake bite.
Are all snakes in East Texas venomous?
No, the vast majority of snakes in East Texas are non-venomous. Many harmless snakes are often mistaken for venomous ones due to similar coloration or body shapes. If you are unsure whether a snake is venomous or not, it's always best to err on the side of caution and keep your distance.
How can I tell the difference between venomous and non-venomous snakes in East Texas?
Differentiating venomous from non-venomous snakes requires careful observation and knowledge. While there are general characteristics (like triangular heads for some venomous species), there are many exceptions. Reliable identification often involves detailed examination of head shape, pupil shape, scale patterns, and overall body characteristics, which can be difficult for untrained individuals. Again, if you’re unsure, assume it’s venomous and keep your distance.
This guide offers a general overview. For definitive identification, consult a herpetologist or other qualified expert. Remember, responsible coexistence with wildlife means respecting their space and understanding their behavior. By learning to identify and safely avoid venomous snakes, you can enjoy the beauty of East Texas's natural environment while minimizing the risk of encountering dangerous situations.
