Western Pennsylvania, with its diverse habitats ranging from forests and fields to streams and wetlands, provides a home to a variety of snake species. Understanding these snakes, their behaviors, and their roles in the ecosystem is crucial for responsible co-existence. This guide will explore the common snakes found in Western PA, addressing common concerns and misconceptions.
What types of snakes live in Western Pennsylvania?
Western Pennsylvania boasts a relatively diverse, though not extensive, snake population. Most species are non-venomous and play vital roles in controlling rodent populations. Common species include:
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Northern Black Racer ( Coluber constrictor constrictor): A fast-moving, slender snake, often black or dark brown, found in various habitats. They are non-venomous constrictors.
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Eastern Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis): One of the most common snakes in the region, easily identified by their three longitudinal stripes. They are highly adaptable and found near water sources. Non-venomous.
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Eastern Milk Snake (Lampropeltis triangulum): Often mistaken for venomous copperheads due to their similar coloration, milk snakes have a distinctive pattern and rounded head. They are non-venomous constrictors.
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DeKay's Brown Snake (Storeria dekayi): A small, slender, and secretive snake, typically found under rocks, logs, and leaf litter. They are non-venomous and primarily eat insects.
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Smooth Green Snake (Opheodrys vernalis): A bright green snake, usually found in grassy meadows and fields. They are very slender and non-venomous.
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Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix): The only venomous snake commonly found in Western PA. They possess a distinctive pattern of reddish-brown hourglass markings on a copper-colored background. Encountering one requires caution and respect.
Are there venomous snakes in Western Pennsylvania?
Yes, the Copperhead is the only venomous snake commonly found in Western Pennsylvania. While venomous, copperheads are generally shy and non-aggressive. They will only bite if threatened or cornered. Understanding their habitat and avoiding contact is key to preventing bites.
What is the most common snake in Western Pennsylvania?
The Eastern Garter Snake is arguably the most common snake species in Western Pennsylvania due to its adaptability and widespread distribution throughout the region's various habitats.
How can I identify snakes in Western Pennsylvania?
Accurate identification requires careful observation of physical characteristics such as:
- Size and shape: Measure the snake (if possible from a safe distance) and note its body shape (slender, robust).
- Color and pattern: Note the specific colors and patterns on the snake's back, sides, and belly. Pay attention to stripes, spots, or bands.
- Head shape: Observe the shape of the head—round, triangular, or other.
- Habitat: Where was the snake found? Habitat provides important clues to identification.
Reliable field guides and online resources featuring photos and detailed descriptions of Pennsylvania snakes can aid identification. If uncertain, it’s always best to err on the side of caution and assume it might be venomous. Avoid handling any snake you cannot positively identify.
What should I do if I see a snake in Western Pennsylvania?
Most snakes in Western Pennsylvania are harmless and beneficial. The best course of action is to observe the snake from a safe distance and allow it to continue on its way. Avoid approaching, handling, or trying to kill it. If you are concerned about a snake near your home, contact a local wildlife removal specialist. If bitten by a snake, seek immediate medical attention.
Conclusion:
Understanding the snakes of Western Pennsylvania promotes responsible interaction and appreciation of these creatures. By learning to identify common species and practicing safe observation techniques, we can coexist peacefully with these fascinating reptiles. Remember, most snakes are beneficial to the ecosystem, playing a significant role in controlling rodent populations. Respecting their space and avoiding unnecessary interaction is the key to ensuring both human and snake safety.
