Illinois, with its diverse habitats ranging from prairies and forests to wetlands and urban areas, is home to a variety of snake species. While some may evoke fear, most are harmless and play a vital role in the ecosystem. This guide will help you identify common Illinois snakes through pictures and descriptions, addressing common concerns and misconceptions.
(Note: While I cannot provide actual pictures here, I will describe the snakes in detail to help you effectively search for images online using specific names. Always consult reputable field guides for accurate identification before handling any wild animal.)
Common Snakes Found in Illinois
Illinois boasts a range of snake species, varying greatly in size, color, and habitat. Here are some of the most frequently encountered:
1. Eastern Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis): This is arguably the most common snake in Illinois. They are highly variable in color, often featuring three longitudinal stripes (two darker stripes on the sides and a central stripe). These stripes can be distinct or faint, and the background color ranges from olive green to brown or even black. Eastern Garter Snakes are relatively small and slender, and are often found near water. Look for images showing their characteristic stripes and relatively smooth scales.
2. Northern Water Snake (Nerodia sipedon): Another common snake often found near water sources, the Northern Water Snake is considerably larger and more robust than the Garter Snake. They are typically dark brown or black with darker crossbands that are often less defined than those on some other species. Their scales are keeled (raised in the center), giving them a somewhat rough texture. Look for pictures that highlight their size, dark coloration, and keeled scales.
3. DeKay's Brown Snake (Storeria dekayi): This small, secretive snake is often overlooked. They are uniformly brown or grayish-brown, with a lighter belly. They are typically found under rocks, logs, and leaf litter. They lack prominent markings, which can make identification challenging. Look for images showcasing their small size and plain coloration.
4. Corn Snake (Pantherophis guttatus): Although less common in northern Illinois, corn snakes are occasionally found. They are known for their attractive reddish-brown to brown coloration with darker blotches or saddles along their back. They have smooth scales and are typically quite docile. Look for images showing the characteristic saddles and smooth scales.
5. Rat Snake (Pantherophis spp.): Several rat snake species inhabit Illinois, including the Eastern Rat Snake and the Black Rat Snake. Rat snakes are large, slender snakes. Eastern Rat Snakes often exhibit a pattern of blotches or saddles along their backs, while Black Rat Snakes, as their name suggests, are typically black or very dark brown. Look for images showing their size and color variations.
What to Do if You Encounter a Snake
Most snakes in Illinois are non-venomous and pose no threat to humans. The best course of action is to leave them alone. Observe them from a safe distance, appreciate their natural beauty, and allow them to continue about their business.
What if it's a venomous snake?
Illinois has only one venomous snake: the Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnake (Sistrurus catenatus). This snake is endangered and rarely encountered. It's characterized by its relatively small size, dark brown or black coloring with darker brown or black crossbands, and, of course, its rattles. If you think you've seen an Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnake, do not approach it. Contact your local wildlife agency or animal control for assistance.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q: What is the most venomous snake in Illinois?
The Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnake is the only venomous snake found in Illinois.
Q: Are there many poisonous snakes in Illinois?
Only the Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnake is venomous. The vast majority of snakes in Illinois are non-venomous.
Q: How can I identify a snake in Illinois?
Use reliable field guides, online resources with high-quality images, and consider consulting with a herpetologist for difficult identifications. Pay close attention to size, color, pattern, scale characteristics (smooth vs. keeled), and habitat.
Q: What should I do if I find a snake in my house?
Carefully and slowly create an exit route for the snake (opening a door or window). If you are uncomfortable, contact animal control or a wildlife removal service. Never attempt to handle a snake unless you are an experienced herpetologist.
Q: Are snakes beneficial to the environment?
Yes, snakes play an important role in controlling rodent populations, maintaining ecological balance, and contributing to biodiversity.
This guide provides a starting point for identifying snakes in Illinois. Remember that accurate identification requires careful observation and comparison with reliable sources. Always prioritize safety and respect for wildlife.
