Tennessee, with its diverse geography ranging from mountains to lowlands, boasts a rich and varied snake population. Identifying snakes correctly is crucial for safety and understanding the vital role they play in the ecosystem. This guide explores some of the most common snakes found in the state, focusing on identification, habitat, and behavior. Remember, it's always best to admire snakes from a safe distance and never handle them unless you are a trained professional.
What are the most common snakes in Tennessee?
This is a broad question, as "common" can depend on location within Tennessee and the time of year. However, some species are consistently encountered across various regions. These include:
- Eastern Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis): Easily recognizable by its three longitudinal stripes (two lateral stripes and one dorsal stripe), this is one of the most widespread and common snakes in Tennessee. They're generally non-venomous and often found near water sources.
- Black Racer (Coluber constrictor): A sleek, all-black snake (though juveniles may show some pattern), the Black Racer is known for its speed and agility. They are non-venomous and often mistaken for venomous species due to their size and quick movements.
- Corn Snake (Pantherophis guttatus): Often kept as pets, corn snakes are also found in the wild in Tennessee. They have a distinctive pattern of reddish-brown blotches on a lighter background. They are non-venomous constrictors.
- Northern Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix): One of the venomous snakes found in Tennessee, the copperhead is identifiable by its distinctive hourglass-shaped markings on its body. They are generally shy and prefer to avoid humans, but a bite can be dangerous, requiring immediate medical attention.
- Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus): This venomous snake is larger than the copperhead and has a characteristic rattle at the end of its tail. Their coloration varies, but they typically exhibit a pattern of dark crossbands on a lighter background. They are also generally shy but pose a serious threat if encountered.
What kind of snakes are poisonous in Tennessee?
Tennessee is home to several venomous snake species, but only two are considered medically significant:
- Copperheads: As mentioned above, these snakes possess a hemotoxic venom that causes localized pain, swelling, and bleeding. While rarely fatal, a copperhead bite requires immediate medical attention.
- Timber Rattlesnakes: Timber rattlesnakes possess a potent neurotoxic venom that affects the nervous system. Their bites are more serious than copperhead bites and necessitate prompt medical intervention.
Other venomous snakes, like Cottonmouths (Water Moccasins), are less common in Tennessee compared to copperheads and timber rattlesnakes.
Are there any harmless snakes in Tennessee?
Yes! The majority of snakes in Tennessee are non-venomous and pose no threat to humans. Examples include the Eastern Garter Snake, Black Racer, and Corn Snake mentioned previously. These snakes play a crucial role in controlling rodent populations and maintaining the balance of the ecosystem.
How can I identify snakes in Tennessee?
Accurate snake identification requires careful observation and consideration of several factors:
- Pattern: Note the color, shape, and arrangement of markings on the snake's body.
- Size and Shape: Measure the snake (from a safe distance, of course!), noting its overall length and body shape (slender, robust, etc.).
- Head Shape: Observe the shape of the snake's head – triangular heads often indicate venomous species, but this is not always definitive.
- Habitat: Where was the snake found? Different species prefer different habitats (e.g., near water, in rocky areas, in forests).
What should I do if I see a snake in Tennessee?
The best course of action when encountering a snake is to leave it alone. Give the snake ample space to move away, and do not attempt to handle it. If you believe the snake is venomous, seek professional assistance if necessary.
Disclaimer: This information is intended for educational purposes only. Always consult with a qualified herpetologist or wildlife expert for definitive snake identification and for guidance on safe snake handling practices. Never attempt to handle a snake unless you have the proper training and experience.
