Copperheads are venomous snakes, and their distinctive markings can cause concern for anyone encountering a similar-looking snake. Several non-venomous snakes mimic the copperhead's appearance, leading to misidentification and unnecessary fear. This guide will help you differentiate between true copperheads and their look-alikes, ensuring your safety and understanding of these fascinating reptiles.
What are the Key Features of a Copperhead?
Before we delve into the imitators, let's establish the key identifying features of a copperhead ( Agkistrodon contortrix). These snakes typically have:
- Hourglass-shaped markings: These are the most distinctive feature. The markings are a reddish-brown or copper color on a lighter tan or grayish background. They are clearly defined and resemble an hourglass, sometimes described as " Hershey's kiss" shaped.
- Heavier body: Copperheads are relatively stout-bodied snakes, not slender like many harmless species.
- Copper-colored head: While not always bright copper, the head is typically a darker, richer color than the body.
- Heat-sensing pits: Copperheads, like other pit vipers, possess heat-sensing pits between their eyes and nostrils. These are difficult to see without close inspection.
What Other Snakes Look Like Copperheads?
Several snakes exhibit similar coloration and patterns, leading to frequent misidentification. Some of the most common look-alikes include:
Eastern Hognose Snake:
This snake is a master of deception. It can flatten its head and mimic the appearance of a copperhead, even exhibiting a slight "hiss." However, the hognose snake has a distinctive upturned snout and tends to bluff more than bite. Their markings are often less defined and more blotchy compared to the distinct hourglass pattern of a copperhead.
Eastern Ratsnake (Black Ratsnake):
While typically dark, juvenile Eastern Ratsnakes can sometimes exhibit reddish-brown markings that might superficially resemble a copperhead's pattern. However, a closer examination reveals that their markings are not the clearly defined hourglass shapes seen in copperheads. They are generally more slender and lack the stout body of a copperhead.
Western Ratsnake:
Similar to the eastern ratsnake, young western ratsnakes can have patterns that may be confused with copperheads. However, they lack the definitive hourglass markings and typically have a more slender build.
How to Tell the Difference: A Closer Look
The best way to distinguish between a copperhead and its look-alikes is through careful observation. Look for these key differentiators:
- Markings: Focus on the shape and definition of the markings. Copperheads exhibit clear, hourglass-shaped patterns. Look-alikes often have blotches, stripes, or less well-defined patterns.
- Body Shape: Copperheads are relatively stout-bodied. Many look-alikes are more slender.
- Head Shape: While copperheads have a triangular head, it's not always dramatically different from the neck. Examine the overall head shape and compare it to photos of known copperheads and look-alikes.
- Behavior: Copperheads often freeze when threatened, whereas some mimics may bluff or attempt to flee.
What if I Think I've Seen a Copperhead?
If you suspect you've encountered a copperhead, maintain a safe distance. Avoid approaching or attempting to handle the snake. If you're concerned about a snake near your home or property, contact your local animal control or wildlife management agency for assistance.
Are there any other snakes that resemble copperheads?
Yes, depending on the geographic region, other snake species may share some similar coloration or patterns with copperheads. Always refer to regional field guides or consult with local herpetologists for accurate identification in your specific area.
How can I protect myself from copperhead bites?
Wearing protective footwear when hiking or gardening in copperhead habitat can significantly reduce the risk of bites. Being mindful of your surroundings, avoiding reaching into crevices or under rocks, and using a flashlight at night can also help minimize encounters.
Is it dangerous to handle a snake that looks like a copperhead?
Even if a snake is not a copperhead, it's best to avoid handling any wild snakes. Some non-venomous snakes may bite in self-defense, and you risk injuring the snake or causing unnecessary stress.
Remember, accurate identification is crucial for safety. When in doubt, err on the side of caution and maintain a safe distance. Using reliable field guides and consulting with experts can help you confidently distinguish between copperheads and their non-venomous counterparts.
