Houston, Texas, boasts a diverse ecosystem, and unfortunately, that includes several species of venomous snakes. Understanding which snakes pose a threat and how to react to an encounter is crucial for residents and visitors alike. This guide will explore the venomous snakes commonly found in the Houston area, offering insights into identification, behavior, and safety precautions.
What types of venomous snakes are found in Houston?
The Houston area is home to several venomous snake species, primarily belonging to the pit viper family (Crotalidae) and the coral snake family (Elapidae). The most common venomous snakes encountered are:
-
Copperheads ( Agkistrodon contortrix): These snakes are characterized by their copper-colored heads and hourglass-shaped markings along their bodies. They are relatively small to medium-sized snakes and are often found in wooded areas, near water sources, and even in residential yards.
-
Cottonmouths ( Agkistrodon piscivorus): Also known as water moccasins, cottonmouths are larger than copperheads and possess a distinctive white or pale mouth lining they display when threatened. As their name suggests, they are frequently found near water sources, including lakes, rivers, and swamps.
-
Rattlesnakes (various species): Several rattlesnake species inhabit the Houston region, including the Western Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox), which is the largest and most dangerous. They are easily identified by their rattles and diamond-shaped patterns.
-
Eastern Coral Snake (Micrurus fulvius): Unlike pit vipers, coral snakes are neurotoxic, meaning their venom affects the nervous system. They are slender snakes with bright red, yellow, and black bands. It's crucial to note that many non-venomous snakes mimic this coloration, so proper identification is vital.
How can I identify a poisonous snake in Houston?
Identifying a venomous snake requires careful observation and a degree of knowledge. Avoid handling any snake you suspect might be venomous. Key characteristics to look for include:
- Triangular head: Most pit vipers have a distinctly triangular-shaped head, broader than their neck.
- Heat-sensing pits: Pit vipers have heat-sensing pits located between their eyes and nostrils.
- Rattles: Rattlesnakes have a rattle at the end of their tail.
- Coloration and patterns: Pay close attention to the snake's coloration and patterns, comparing them to images of known venomous snakes in the area.
- Pupil Shape: Pit vipers typically have elliptical pupils, whereas most non-venomous snakes have round pupils.
What should I do if I see a poisonous snake?
Your best course of action upon encountering a venomous snake is to avoid it. Give the snake plenty of space and slowly back away. Avoid sudden movements or attempts to catch or kill the snake.
What first aid should be given after a venomous snake bite?
Do not attempt to suck out the venom. This is an outdated and ineffective method. The immediate steps to take after a venomous snake bite include:
- Call emergency services (911) immediately.
- Keep the bitten area still and below the heart.
- Remove any jewelry or tight clothing near the bite.
- Monitor the victim's breathing and pulse.
- Get the victim to medical care as quickly as possible. Medical professionals can provide antivenom if necessary.
Are there any non-poisonous snakes that look like poisonous snakes in Houston?
Yes, several non-venomous snakes mimic the coloration of venomous snakes. This is a form of mimicry called Batesian mimicry. This makes accurate identification challenging and emphasizes the importance of avoiding all snakes you are unsure about.
How can I prevent snake encounters in my yard?
Reducing the likelihood of encounters with snakes around your home involves several proactive measures:
- Maintain a clean yard: Remove brush piles, woodpiles, and other debris that can provide shelter for snakes.
- Keep grass short: Snakes prefer tall grass and overgrown areas.
- Seal cracks and holes in your foundation: Snakes can often enter homes through small openings.
- Secure garbage cans: Food scraps attract rodents, which are a food source for snakes.
This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always seek professional medical attention following a snake bite. Remember, observing snakes from a safe distance is the best way to appreciate the natural beauty of Houston's diverse wildlife while minimizing the risk of harm.
