Tennessee boasts a diverse reptile population, including a fascinating array of non-venomous snakes. These slithering creatures play a crucial role in the state's ecosystem, controlling rodent populations and contributing to the overall biodiversity. Understanding these snakes can help foster appreciation and dispel common misconceptions about these often-misunderstood creatures. This guide will explore the common non-venomous snakes found in Tennessee, addressing frequently asked questions and offering insights into their identification and behavior.
Identifying Non-Venomous Snakes in Tennessee
Identifying snakes can be challenging, even for experienced herpetologists. However, focusing on key characteristics can help distinguish non-venomous snakes from their venomous counterparts. Generally, non-venomous snakes in Tennessee lack the distinct triangular head shape and vertical pupils often associated with venomous species like copperheads and rattlesnakes. They also typically have round pupils. However, relying solely on these features is insufficient; a positive identification should always consider multiple factors.
It's crucial to remember that positive identification from photographs can be unreliable. If you encounter a snake and are unsure of its identity, observe it from a safe distance and avoid handling it.
Common Non-Venomous Snakes Found in Tennessee
Tennessee's diverse habitats support a variety of non-venomous snakes. Some of the most frequently encountered include:
- Eastern Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis): These are among the most common snakes in Tennessee, easily identified by their distinctive three longitudinal stripes—one on the back and one on each side. They are highly variable in color and pattern.
- Northern Black Racer (Coluber constrictor): A sleek, fast-moving snake, the black racer is typically jet black but can sometimes show some lighter markings as juveniles. They are active hunters, known for their speed and agility.
- Corn Snake (Pantherophis guttatus): These attractive snakes exhibit a diverse range of colors and patterns, often featuring reddish-brown blotches on a tan or orange background. Corn snakes are popular in the pet trade.
- Milk Snake (Lampropeltis triangulum): Milk snakes are often mistaken for venomous coral snakes, but they possess a distinct pattern that differs from the venomous species' banding. Their patterns vary regionally. Remember, "red touches black, venom lack; red touches yellow, kill a fellow" is a helpful but imperfect mnemonic.
- Rat Snake (Pantherophis spp.): Several species of rat snakes reside in Tennessee, varying in size and color. They are valuable rodent controllers.
What are some characteristics of harmless snakes in Tennessee?
As mentioned earlier, a rounded pupil, lack of a triangular head, and the absence of heat-sensing pits (present in many pit vipers) are key indicators. However, the best way to determine if a snake is harmless is through careful observation and, if uncertain, seeking expert identification. Referring to field guides specific to Tennessee's herpetofauna is recommended.
How can I tell the difference between a venomous and non-venomous snake in Tennessee?
The primary differences lie in head shape (triangular in venomous species), pupil shape (vertical in many venomous snakes, round in most non-venomous ones), and the presence of heat-sensing pits near the nostrils (only in some venomous snakes). However, relying on these features alone is not foolproof. Detailed field guides and expert identification are crucial for accurate determination.
What is the most common non-venomous snake in Tennessee?
The Eastern Garter Snake is arguably the most common non-venomous snake throughout the state. Its wide distribution and adaptability contribute to its prevalence.
Are there any poisonous snakes in Tennessee that look like non-venomous snakes?
While no non-venomous snake perfectly mimics a venomous one, some species like the milk snake can be mistaken for coral snakes due to their banding patterns. This emphasizes the importance of careful observation and utilizing multiple identification tools to avoid misidentification.
What should I do if I find a snake in my yard in Tennessee?
Observe the snake from a safe distance. If you can identify it as non-venomous and it poses no immediate threat, you can generally leave it alone. Snakes are beneficial for controlling pests. If you are uncomfortable or unsure about the snake's identity, contact a local wildlife removal service or herpetological expert for assistance. Never attempt to handle a snake unless you are experienced and knowledgeable about snake identification and handling.
Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only. Always exercise caution when encountering snakes in the wild and seek expert advice if you are unsure about the identity of a snake. This article does not substitute for professional herpetological guidance.
