Missouri boasts a diverse reptile population, and while venomous snakes like copperheads and rattlesnakes exist, the majority of snakes encountered are entirely harmless. Understanding the different species is crucial for safe coexistence and appreciating the vital role they play in the ecosystem. This guide explores the common non-poisonous snakes found in Missouri, providing identification tips and dispelling common myths.
What are some common non-poisonous snakes in Missouri?
Missouri is home to a variety of non-venomous snakes. Some of the most frequently encountered include:
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Eastern Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis): Easily identified by their three longitudinal stripes (one on the back and one on each side) that run the length of their body. These stripes can vary in color, often being yellow or green on a darker brown or olive background. They're slender snakes found near water sources and are known for their active hunting behavior.
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Northern Water Snake (Nerodia sipedon): These are larger, stockier snakes frequently found near water. They vary in color, often featuring dark crossbands or blotches on a brown, gray, or olive background. They can sometimes be confused with venomous water snakes, but key differences in head shape and markings are vital to note (more on this later).
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Great Plains Rat Snake (Pantherophis emoryi): These large, powerful constrictors are known for their excellent climbing skills. Their coloration can vary, but they often exhibit a pattern of dark blotches or saddles on a lighter background.
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Smooth Green Snake (Opheodrys vernalis): A slender, bright green snake found in grassy areas. They are quite small and are less commonly seen than the other species.
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Corn Snake (Pantherophis guttatus): While technically not native to Missouri, corn snakes are often found as escaped pets and have established small populations in certain areas. Their distinctive markings make them easy to identify.
How can I tell the difference between poisonous and non-poisonous snakes?
Distinguishing between venomous and non-venomous snakes requires careful observation and attention to detail. While there are no foolproof methods, several key features can help:
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Pupil Shape: Venomous snakes generally have elliptical or cat-like pupils, while non-venomous snakes usually have round pupils.
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Head Shape: Venomous snakes often have triangular-shaped heads, broader than their necks, due to their venom glands. Non-venomous snakes tend to have more rounded or oval heads.
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Heat-Sensing Pits: Some venomous snakes, particularly pit vipers (like copperheads and rattlesnakes), possess heat-sensing pits between their eyes and nostrils. Non-venomous snakes lack these pits.
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Markings: While markings can be variable, certain patterns can be suggestive. However, relying solely on markings is unreliable as there's significant variation within species.
Are there any poisonous snakes that look like non-poisonous snakes?
Yes, some venomous snakes can resemble non-venomous species, causing confusion. The Northern Water Snake is often mistaken for venomous water snakes, for example. The best way to avoid confusion is to observe the key differences outlined above – pupil shape, head shape, and presence of heat-sensing pits. If you are uncertain, it is always best to assume the snake is venomous and maintain a safe distance.
What should I do if I encounter a snake in Missouri?
Most snakes in Missouri are harmless and prefer to avoid human contact. If you encounter a snake:
- Maintain a safe distance: Give the snake space and avoid approaching it.
- Observe from afar: Try to identify its features to determine if it's venomous or not.
- Do not attempt to handle it: Handling snakes, even non-venomous ones, is risky.
- If bitten, seek immediate medical attention: Even a non-venomous bite can become infected.
What is the best way to identify a snake in Missouri?
Accurate snake identification requires careful observation and ideally, photographic documentation. Field guides specific to Missouri reptiles are invaluable resources, as are online resources with detailed images and descriptions. However, always exercise caution when approaching a snake for identification.
Remember, even harmless snakes can bite if they feel threatened. Respect their space and appreciate their role in maintaining a healthy ecosystem. With careful observation and knowledge, you can safely coexist with the diverse snake population of Missouri.
