Chicken snakes, often referred to as rat snakes (specifically Pantherophis spiloides in the Eastern US), are non-venomous constrictors frequently encountered near human settlements. Their name stems from their fondness for rodents, including those found in chicken coops, though they rarely pose a threat to poultry. Identifying a chicken snake accurately is crucial to avoid mistaken identity with venomous species. This guide will equip you with the knowledge to confidently distinguish a chicken snake from other snakes.
What are the Key Characteristics of a Chicken Snake?
Chicken snakes exhibit a range of physical characteristics that vary slightly depending on their geographic location and age. However, some common traits help identify them:
-
Size and Body Shape: They are relatively large snakes, typically reaching lengths of 4 to 6 feet, though some can grow longer. Their body is slender and somewhat cylindrical, not particularly thick or robust.
-
Color and Pattern: This is perhaps the most variable characteristic. Their color can range from brown, gray, and olive green to reddish-brown or even black. They often possess a series of dark brown or black blotches along their backs, which may be saddle-shaped or more irregular. These blotches are usually bordered by lighter colors, creating a distinctive pattern. Their bellies are typically lighter-colored, often with some speckling. Juvenile chicken snakes tend to be more brightly colored than adults.
-
Scales and Head: Chicken snakes have smooth scales, giving their body a relatively smooth texture. Their head is somewhat distinct from their neck, though not dramatically so, and their eyes are relatively large and round.
-
Behavior: They are generally docile and non-aggressive. When threatened, they may try to flee rather than strike. However, if cornered, they might vibrate their tail, hiss, and even flatten their heads to appear larger as a defensive mechanism.
How to Tell a Chicken Snake from Other Snakes?
Mistaking a chicken snake for a venomous species is a common concern. Here's how to differentiate:
1. How can I tell a chicken snake from a copperhead?
Copperheads are venomous pit vipers with a distinctive hourglass-shaped pattern on their backs, whereas chicken snakes have more irregular blotches. Copperheads also possess heat-sensing pits between their eyes and nostrils, a feature absent in chicken snakes. Copperheads typically have a triangular-shaped head, distinctly broader than their neck.
2. How do I distinguish a chicken snake from a rat snake (other species)?
While the term "rat snake" is often used interchangeably with chicken snake, various rat snake species exist. Distinguishing between them requires careful observation of geographic location, specific color patterns, and scale characteristics. Consulting regional field guides is crucial for accurate identification of the specific rat snake species encountered.
3. How can I tell the difference between a chicken snake and a black snake?
Black rat snakes (a different Pantherophis species) are generally uniformly dark-colored, often black or dark brown, lacking the distinct blotches found on chicken snakes. While some adult chicken snakes can be very dark, their patterning is usually still faintly visible.
4. Are there any other snakes that chicken snakes are often confused with?
Depending on your geographic location, other non-venomous species might share similar coloration or patterns. Always use multiple identifying characteristics, not just one, and consult a reliable field guide to snakes in your area.
Safety Precautions When Encountering Snakes
Regardless of whether you believe a snake is venomous or not, it's best to observe it from a safe distance. Never attempt to handle a wild snake unless you are an experienced herpetologist. If a snake is in a location where it poses a threat, contact your local animal control or wildlife removal service.
By carefully observing the size, color pattern, scales, and head shape, and by understanding their behavior, you can confidently identify a chicken snake and distinguish it from potentially dangerous species. Remember, responsible identification involves consulting reputable resources and prioritizing safety.
